2025 NADE & AFDE SYMPOSIUM
"Examining
Paper Documents in a Digital World"
Kansas City, Missouri
Friday, October 3 -
Sunday, October 5, 2025
401 Ward Parkway
Kansas City,
Missouri 64112
NADE and AFDE are meeting together this year for a joint
Conference and Symposium. The 2025 theme will be “Paper
Documents in a Digital World.” Program details will be
posted as available. The 2025 Conference and Symposium
will cover a broad range of subjects of interest to
Forensic Document Examiners. A panel providing “Tips for
Testimony,” and poster sessions, are annual favorites.
The Program Chairman and contact person for submission
of presentation and poster session titles and abstracts
for consideration is
Jacqueline
Joseph.
We hope you will join us for an interesting and informative
program.
HOTEL INFORMATION

Famous for barbecue,
fountains, and the architecturally stunning historic Country
Club Plaza marketplace, downtown Kansas City offers a plethora
of activities. Popular destinations, Arrowhead Stadium and
Kansas City Zoo, are also close to the hotel. The hotel is 30
minutes from Kansas City International Airport (MCI).
Hotel room rates are $169.00 plus taxes per night (single
or double), and include a free parking and internet. The hotel
room rates apply three days before and three days after the
symposium. For information on how to reserve a room,
click
here. Room reservation is
online
at this link.
- PROGRAM - 2025 Symposium
Titles and abstracts are being reviewed by the program
committee at this time and are being posted as they are
approved. Please send your proposals to Jacqueline
Joseph.
Deep Metadata in
PDFs: Hidden Digital Fingerprints - What Forensic
Document Examiners Need to Know About Metadata
Celeste Makoff
Every digital document tells two stories. The first is
what you see - the text, images and formatting. The second
story is invisible, but revealing - written in the
document's deep metadata. Deep metadata can reveal
revisions made, devises and software involved with the
document, and the history of the document's creation.
In the digital realm, it is a fundamental law that every
action must leave a trace. The metadata instructs the
computer about every font, color, images placement, and
more. Understanding what metadata exists and why can turn
the metadata into powerful tool for the FDE.
The AI Revolution in
Document Forensics
Celeste Makoff
Think of AI models as incredibly sophisticated pattern
matching machines. They’ve been trained on millions of
documents – learning what real contracts look like, how
people typically write emails, what authentic signatures
contain, etc. Just like a child learns language by hearing
thousands of conversations, AI learns document creation by
studying countless examples. When you ask AI to create
something it is essentially saying “Based on the millions of
examples I’ve seen, this is what should come next. It is
prediction – not understanding – but it is getting
frighteningly good at mimicking authenticity. This
presentation will explore how AI may influence the field of
forensic document examination.
Helping Your Lawyer
Get the Most Out of You
Chris Angles, Attorney
Attorneys and Experts work separately in their own
specialties, but then work together to present a
comprehensive presentation to a trier of fact. Most
attorneys have zero or minimal experience working with a
forensic document examiner, so it is important for the
expert to help the attorney understand how to best
capitalize on the information the expert has to offer. That
is the focus of this presentation.
Exploring Sparse
Literature, Case Studies, and Best Practices in Initials
Analysis
Susan Abbey, CDE, D-BFDE
With cases involving initials, what are the best
procedures? What does the literature say?
The literature is surprisingly sparse in this important
area. In this presentation references from authoritative
books and journals that are available will be cited.
Examples of cases where there are suspected page
substitutions and other types of cases where initials can
create difficulties or questions of authenticity will be
explored. Sources of initials for comparison purposes will
be suggested.
Signed by Hand or
Machine?
Jonathan Heckeroth, MSc.
This workshop explores the question of whether signatures were
written by hand or by a machine. Participants will be
challenged to distinguish between genuine handwritten
signatures and machine-written ones by examining a variety of
signature samples. The material is based on a 2019 research
project conducted by the German Institute for Questioned
Document Examination. In addition to the practical component,
the workshop includes a presentation on signatures written by
machines. Key features that help differentiate between
handwritten and machine-written signatures will be discussed,
along with recommended procedures for examining signatures
produced by signing machines in forensic casework.
Digital Technology:
Updated Forensic Applications and Analysis
Heidi H. Harralson, CDE
This presentation focuses on updates regarding digital
technology as it applies to forensic handwriting and document
examination. Research and casework regarding digitized
documents and signatures including pixel analysis of digitized
signatures will be presented. Identifying feature qualities of
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) and image recognition is
important when evaluating digitized documents for alteration.
The increase of sophisticated handwriting signature fonts and
automated tools for font analysis has relevance to present
document examination practices. Presentation will include
information about automated handwriting examination tools and
explore the use of AI and forensic intelligence.
The Known/Comparison
Signature Samples Are Not In Agreement – Now What?
Kurt E. Kuhn, FDE
One of the most important parts of the forensic document
examination examination process is the analysis or
inter-comparison of the known/comparison signature samples
that are submitted. This process allows the examiner the
opportunity to evaluate and document the individual writing
features that are present and to determine the range of
variation of the writer. But what happens when one (or more)
of the signature samples are not in agreement and appear to be
from a different writer? The answer has been present for
decades in the ASTM, the SWGDOC, and the new ASB Standard for
the Examination of Handwritten Items and provides direction to
the examiner. It also provides an option for the examiner that
may be challenged by the opposing examiner or counsel.
Dangers of Low Level
Opinions - Probative vs. Prejudicial
Emily J. Will, CDE, D-BFDE
In a field where opinions can not be formed extensively on the
basis of numerical calculations, words matter. The opinion
scales relied upon by most forensic document examiners in the
US have between 5 and 9 levels. The descriptions of these
levels are easily misapplied, adding to the subjectivity of
opinions. To further complicate matters, civil cases
typically have a "more likely than not" standard which is
considered to be more or less than 50% probability. What
really is going to be the difference between 51% and 49%
liklihood in a handwriting examination? This issue will be
explored in depth.
Microsoft Word &
Bierstadt/Aptos Fonts Give Document Date Clues
Thomas Phinney, MS, MBA, Font Detective
The Microsoft Word default font change from Calibri to Aptos
in 2024 is of great interest for document examiners: obviously
Aptos could not have been used before it was designed, and it
is now used any time a user does not explicitly choose a
different font. But Aptos was already available as early as
2021, under the name of Bierstadt. Phinney discusses and
shows the subtle spacing differences between Aptos and
Bierstadt, and the timeline of the fonts' availability.
Less trumpeted than the Aptos switch are all the other default
document formatting changes Microsoft Word made at the end of
2024: to margins, point size and kerning. Even when Aptos is
not in use, these other settings can provide circumstantial
evidence for document creation dates - especially kerning,
which is rarely manually turned on by most users.
U.S. Currency Notes
Christopher Burke
This presentation is about U.S. Currency Notes. Items covered
include: Security Features, Material Composition and History
surrounding U.S. Banknotes. The presentation will offer a
brief overview of some methods used to authenticate identity
documents and identify markers of potentially counterfeit
security documents. While this version of the presentation is
meant for all authorized audiences, much of the material
covered is not widely known to the public. Examples of
genuine features as well as some notable counterfeit examples
will be provided during this presentation.
Workshop on
Highly Stylized Signatures
Robin Williams, D-BFDE and Tamara Kaiden, FDE
Document Examiners occasionally encounter highly stylized
signatures when examining documents. A highly stylized
signature is defined as a signature where the letters or
characters are not easily decipherable as recognizable words
or letters. It’s a form of signature that often prioritizes
visual design and artistic expression over legibility. These
signatures are frequently used for personal branding, logos,
or artistic expression where the signature’s aesthetic is more
important than its readability.
Highly stylized signatures can raise some difficulty for
examiners depending upon whether enough exemplars were made
available to the examiner and/or whether a useful pattern is
observed. This workshop will be presented as a practical
exercise related to highly stylized signatures. The
participants will examine the signatures along with exemplars
and provide opinions as to the genuineness of each signature
presented. After the examinations have been completed,
discussions will be held involving the opinions of each of the
signatures.
KANSAS CITY ATTRACTIONS
- Plaza
Area
- Country
Club Plaza
- Kauffman
Garden
- Nelson
Atkins Museum of Art. The personal HR Bloch
collection, it’s a must!
- Kemper
Contemporary Museum of Art
- Thomas
Hart Benton Home and Studio Museum 3613
Belleview Ave. Kansas City, MO 64111
- Crown
Center Union Station
- World
War I Museum If you are a history buff
and have not been to this museum, it comes highly
recommended
- Union
Station Lots of activities, exhibits,
Science City, restaurants and evidence from the 1933 Union
Station Massacre between FBI, Frank Nash, Pretty Boy Floyd
and others.
- Crown
Center
- Kansas
City Cross Roads Art District
- Boulevard
Brewery You can take a brewery tour,
but you have to get tickets ahead of time or you can enjoy
their tasting room as well. Go to website for additional
details
- Trolley
Tour
- KC
Gangster Tour
-
- Power
and Light District Area/Crossroads Crossroads
Building Murals Take a walking tour of
the Crossroads.
- Bop into Thou
Mayest Coffee Shop Up Down Bar Featuring
50 arcade games from the 80s and 90s, Pac Man, Yard Jenga
and Connect Four
- Power
and Light District College
Basketball Experience The
American Jazz Museum 18th and Vine
Historic District in KC
- Negro
Leagues Baseball Museum 1616 E 18th
St, Kansas City, MO 64108
- Green
Lady Lounge (KC Jazz) 1809 Grand Blvd
- Black
Dolphin Lounge (Jazz) The
Blue Room (KC Jazz) Tired of Driving?
Take the Streetcar
from Union Station to City Market and
the Power and Light District. It’s free to ride!
- River
Market Area
- River
Market
- Steamboat
Arabia Museum Food
- Bryants
Barbeque (best in KC) Gates
Barbeque
- Michael
Smith’s Extra Virgin Restaurant
- Christopher
Elbow Chocolatier Andre’s
Chocolates and Restaurant 5018 Main
St.
- To
the East – Jackson County
- Truman
Library
-
- To
the West – Western Wyandotte County
- The
Legends
- Casinos
- Hollywood
Casino at Kansas Speedway
- Lawrence,
Kansas
- Downtown
Lawrence
- Sports
Museum at Allen Field House Natural
Original Rules of Basketball are on display Spencer
Museum of Art KU Campus
- Other
events can be found here